Leadership

“When cattle are crossing [a ford],
if the chief bull goes crookedly,
all the others go crookedly
because their leader has gone crookedly.

“So too, among human beings,
when the one considered the chief
behaves unrighteously,
other people do so as well.
The entire kingdom is dejected
if the king is unrighteous.

“When cattle are crossing [a ford]
if the chief bull goes straight across,
all the others go straight across
because their leader has gone straight.

“So too, among human beings,
when the one considered the chief
conducts himself righteously,
other people do so as well.
The entire kingdom rejoices
if the king is righteous.” – AN 4.70

“Gunnañce taramānānaṁ,
jimhaṁ gacchati puṅgavo;
Sabbā tā jimhaṁ gacchanti,
nette jimhaṁ gate sati.

“Evamevaṁ manussesu,
yo hoti seṭṭhasammato;
So ce adhammaṁ carati,
pageva itarā pajā;
Sabbaṁ raṭṭhaṁ dukkhaṁ seti,
rājā ce hoti adhammiko.

“Gunnañce taramānānaṁ,
ujuṁ gacchati puṅgavo;
Sabbā tā ujuṁ gacchanti,
nette ujuṁ gate sati.

“Evamevaṁ manussesu,
yo hoti seṭṭhasammato;
So sace dhammaṁ carati,
pageva itarā pajā;
Sabbaṁ raṭṭhaṁ sukhaṁ seti,
rājā ce hoti dhammiko”ti.

“ကူးကုန်သော နွားတို့တွင် ရှေ့ဆောင်နွားလားသည် ကောက်တကျစ် သွားခဲ့မူ၊ ရှေ့ဆောင်နွားလား ကောက်တကျစ် သွားသည်ရှိသော် နောက်လိုက်နွားမ အားလုံးတို့သည် ကောက်တကျစ် လိုက်သွားကုန်၏။ ဤအတူသာလျှင် လူတို့တွင် အမြတ်ဆုံးဟု သမုတ်အပ်သူသည် အကယ်၍ တရား မဟုတ်သည်ကို ကျင့်အံ့၊ ဤမှ တစ်ပါးသော သတ္တဝါအပေါင်းသည် အဘယ် ဆိုဖွယ်ရာ ရှိအံ့နည်း၊ မင်း တရားမစောင့်သည် ဖြစ်အံ့၊ တစ်နိုင်ငံလုံး ဆင်းရဲရ၏။ (မြစ်ကို) ကူးကုန်သော နွားတို့တွင် ရှေ့ဆောင်နွားလားသည် ဖြောင့်ဖြောင့်သွားခဲ့မူ၊ ရှေ့ဆောင်နွားလား ဖြောင့်ဖြောင့်သွားသည်ရှိသော် နောက်လိုက်နွားမ အားလုံးတို့သည် ဖြောင့်ဖြောင့်ပင် လိုက်သွားကုန်၏။ ဤအတူသာလျှင် လူတို့တွင် အမြတ်ဆုံးဟု သမုတ်အပ်သူသည် အကယ်၍တရားကို ကျင့်အံ့၊ ဤမှ တစ်ပါးသော သတ္တဝါအပေါင်းသည် အဘယ်ဆိုဖွယ်ရာ ရှိအံ့နည်း၊ မင်း တရားစောင့်အံ့၊ တစ်နိုင်ငံလုံး ချမ်းသာရလေသတည်း။”

“Khi đàn bò lội sông,
Ðầu đàn đi sai lạc,
Cả đàn đều đi sai,
Vì hướng dẫn sai lạc.
Cũng vậy, trong loài Người,
Vị được xem tối thắng,
Nếu sở hành phi pháp,
Còn nói gì người khác,
Cả nước bị đau khổ,
Nếu vua sống phi pháp.

“Khi đàn bò lội sông,
Ðầu đàn đi đúng hướng,
Cả đàn đều đúng hướng,
Vì hướng dẫn đúng đường.
Cũng vậy trong loài Người,
Vị được xem tối thắng,
Nếu sở hành đúng pháp,
Còn nói gì người khác,
Cả nước được an vui,
Nếu vua sống đúng pháp.”

「當牛[群]橫渡時,如果牛王走歪了,
牠們全部走歪,在導引者走歪之下。

同樣的,在人們中,凡被尊為是最上的,
如果他行不如法,就不用說其他人了,
全國都睡不好,如果國王是不如法者。

當牛[群]橫渡時,如果牛王走正了,
牠們全部走正,在導引者走正之下。

同樣的,在人們中,凡被尊為是最上的,
如果他如法而行,就不用說其他人了,
全國都睡得安樂,如果國王是如法者。」

Top: Black Vulture
Bottom: Fish Crow
©Ashin Sopāka 2017

Teacher

“A teacher, monks, should arouse in the one who shares his cell the attitude of a son; the one who shares his cell should arouse in the teacher the attitude of a father. Thus these, living with reverence, with deference, with courtesy towards one another, will come to growth, to increase, to maturity in this dhamma and discipline.” – Kd 1 (Mahāvagga)

“Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, upajjhāyaṁ. Upajjhāyo, bhikkhave, sad­dhi­vihā­ri­kamhi puttacittaṁ upaṭṭhapessati, saddhivihāriko upajjhāyamhi pitucittaṁ upaṭṭhapessati. Evaṁ te aññamaññaṁ sagāravā sappatissā sabhāgavuttino viharantā imasmiṁ dhammavinaye vuḍḍhiṁ viruḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjissanti.”

“ရဟန်းတို့ ဉပဇ္ဈာယ်ဆရာကို ခွင့်ပြု၏။ ရဟန်းတို့ ဉပဇ္ဈာယ်ဆရာသည် အတူနေ တပည့်၌ သားဟူသော စိတ်ကို ထားအံ့၊ အတူနေ တပည့်သည် ဉပဇ္ဈာယ်ဆရာ၌ အဖဟူသောစိတ်ကို ထားအံ့၊ ထိုဆရာတပည့်တို့သည် အချင်းချင်းရှိသေခြင်း တုပ်ဝပ်ခြင်း တူသော အသက်မွေးခြင်း ရှိသည်ဖြစ်၍ နေသည်ရှိသော် ဤသာသနာတော်၌ ကြီပွါးစည်ပင် ပြန့်ပြောခြင်းသို့ ရောက်ကုန်လတ္တံ့။”

“Này các tỳ khưu, ta cho phép vị thầy tế độ. Này các tỳ khưu, vị thầy tế độ sẽ gợi lên ở người đệ tử tâm của người con và người đệ tử sẽ gợi lên ở vị thầy tế độ tâm của người cha. Như thế, trong khi sống cùng nhau có sự tôn kính, có sự phục tùng, có sự cư xử hài hòa với nhau, họ sẽ đạt đến sự lớn mạnh, sự tăng trưởng, sự phát triển trong Pháp và Luật này.”

Right Effort

“Now what, monks, is right effort? Here, monks, a monk regarding bad and unwholesome thoughts that have not yet arisen generates desire for their non-arising, (in this regard) he endeavours, instigates energy, exerts his mind, and makes an effort. Regarding bad and unwholesome things that have already arisen he generates desire for their abandonment, (in this regard) he endeavours, instigates energy, exerts his mind, and makes an effort. He generates desire for the arising of wholesome things that have not yet arisen, (in this regard) he endeavours, instigates energy, exerts his mind, and makes an effort. Regarding wholesome things that have arisen he generates desire for their endurance, persistence, multiplication, extension, development, and fulfilment, (in this regard) he endeavours, instigates energy, exerts his mind, and makes an effort.” – DN 21

“Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammāvāyāmo? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ anuppādāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati; uppannānaṁ pāpakānaṁ akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati; anuppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ uppādāya chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati; uppannānaṁ kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṁ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṁ ārabhati cittaṁ paggaṇhāti padahati.”

ရဟန်းတို့ သမ္မာဝါယာမသည် အဘယ်နည်း။ ရဟန်းတို့ ဤသာသနာတော်၌ ရဟန်းသည် မဖြစ်သေးသော ယုတ်မာသော အကုသိုလ်တရားတို့ကိုမဖြစ်ပေါ်စေရန် ဆန္ဒကို ဖြစ်စေ၏၊ အားထုတ်၏၊ လုံ့လပြု၏၊ စိတ်ကို ချီးမြှောက်၏၊ ဆောက်တည်၏။ ဖြစ်ပြီးသော ယုတ်မာသော အကုသိုလ်တရားတို့ကို ပယ်ရန် ဆန္ဒကို ဖြစ်စေ၏၊ အားထုတ်၏၊ လုံ့လပြု၏၊ စိတ်ကို ချီးမြှောက်၏၊ ဆောက်တည်၏။ မဖြစ်သေးသော ကုသိုလ်တရားတို့ကို ဖြစ်စေရန် ဆန္ဒကိုဖြစ်စေ၏၊ အားထုတ်၏၊ လုံ့လပြု၏၊ စိတ်ကို ချီးမြှောက်၏၊ ဆောက်တည်၏။ ဖြစ်ပြီးသော ကုသိုလ်တရားတို့ကို တည်မြဲစေရန် မပျောက်ပျက်စေရန် တိုးတက်ဖြစ်ပွါးစေရန် ပြန့်ပြောစေရန် ပွါးများမှု ပြည့်စုံစေရန် ဆန္ဒကို ဖြစ်စေ၏၊ အားထုတ်၏၊ လုံ့လပြု၏၊ စိတ်ကို ချီးမြှောက်၏၊ ဆောက်တည်၏။

“Này các Tỷ kheo, và thế nào là Chánh tinh tấn? Này các Tỷ kheo, ở đây Tỷ kheo, đối với các ác, bất thiện pháp chưa sanh, khởi lên ý muốn không cho sanh khởi; vị này nỗ lực, tinh tấn, quyết tâm, trì chí. Ðối với các ác, bất thiện pháp đã sanh, khởi lên ý muốn trừ diệt, vị này nỗ lực, tinh tấn, quyết tâm, trì chí. Ðối với các thiện pháp chưa sanh, khởi lên ý muốn khiến cho sanh khởi; vị này nỗ lực, tinh tấn, quyết tâm, trì chí. Ðối với các thiện pháp đã sanh, khởi lên ý muốn khiến cho an trú, không cho băng hoại, khiến cho tăng trưởng, phát triển, viên mãn. Vị này nỗ lực, tinh tấn, quyết tâm, trì chí.”

「而,比丘們!什麼是正精進?比丘們!這裡,比丘為了未生起的惡不善法之不生起而生欲、努力、生起活力、發心、勤奮;為了已生起的惡不善法之捨斷而生欲、努力、生起活力、發心、勤奮;為了未生起的善法之生起而生欲、努力、生起活力、發心、勤奮;為了已生起的善法之存續、不消失、增加、擴大、圓滿修習而生欲、努力、生起活力、發心、勤奮,比丘們!」

Orange Bellied Flowerpecker ©Ashin Sopāka 2017