“Sisters, suppose a great tree is standing possessed of heartwood: its root is impermanent and subject to change, its trunk is impermanent and subject to change, its branches and foliage are impermanent and subject to change, and its shadow is impermanent and subject to change. Now would anyone be speaking rightly who spoke thus: ‘The root, trunk, branches, and foliage of this great tree standing possessed of heartwood are impermanent and subject to change, but its shadow is permanent, everlasting, eternal, not subject to change’?”
“No, venerable sir. Why is that? Because, venerable sir, the root, trunk, branches, and foliage of this great tree standing possessed of heartwood are impermanent and subject to change, so its shadow must be impermanent and subject to change.”
“So too, sisters, would anyone be speaking rightly who spoke thus: ‘These six external bases are impermanent and subject to change, but the pleasant, painful, or neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling that one experiences in dependence upon the six external bases is permanent, everlasting, eternal, not subject to change’?”
“No, venerable sir. Why is that? Because each feeling arises in dependence upon its corresponding condition, and with the cessation of its corresponding condition, the feeling ceases.”
“Good, good, sisters! So it is with a noble disciple who sees this as it actually is with proper wisdom.” MN 146
“Seyyathāpi, bhaginiyo, mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato mūlampi aniccaṁ vipariṇāmadhammaṁ, khandhopi anicco vipariṇāmadhammo, sākhāpalāsampi aniccaṁ vipariṇāmadhammaṁ, chāyāpi aniccā vipariṇāmadhammā. Yo nu kho, bhaginiyo, evaṁ vadeyya: ‘amussa mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato mūlampi aniccaṁ vipariṇāmadhammaṁ, khandhopi anicco vipariṇāmadhammo, sākhāpalāsampi aniccaṁ vipariṇāmadhammaṁ, yā ca khvāssa chāyā sā niccā dhuvā sassatā avipariṇāmadhammā’ti; sammā nu kho so, bhaginiyo, vadamāno vadeyyā”ti?
“No hetaṁ, bhante”. “Taṁ kissa hetu”? “Amussa hi, bhante, mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato mūlampi aniccaṁ vipariṇāmadhammaṁ, khandhopi anicco vipariṇāmadhammo, sākhāpalāsampi aniccaṁ vipariṇāmadhammaṁ; pagevassa chāyā aniccā vipariṇāmadhammā”ti.
“Evameva kho, bhaginiyo, yo nu kho evaṁ vadeyya: ‘cha khome bāhirā āyatanā aniccā. Yañca kho cha bāhire āyatane paṭicca paṭisaṁvedeti sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā taṁ niccaṁ dhuvaṁ sassataṁ avipariṇāmadhamman’ti; sammā nu kho so, bhaginiyo, vadamāno vadeyyā”ti?
“No hetaṁ, bhante”. “Taṁ kissa hetu”? “Tajjaṁ tajjaṁ, bhante, paccayaṁ paṭicca tajjā tajjā vedanā uppajjanti. Tajjassa tajjassa paccayassa nirodhā tajjā tajjā vedanā nirujjhantī”ti.
“Sādhu sādhu, bhaginiyo. Evañhetaṁ, bhaginiyo, hoti ariyasāvakassa yathābhūtaṁ sammappaññāya passato.
နှမတို့ ဥပမာအားဖြင့် တည်နေဆဲဖြစ်သော အနှစ်ရှိသော သစ်ပင်ကြီး၏ အမြစ်သည်လည်း မမြဲ၊ ဖောက်ပြန်ခြင်းသဘောရှိ၏၊ ပင်စည်သည်လည်း မမြဲ၊ ဖောက်ပြန်ခြင်းသဘောရှိ၏၊ အခက်အရွက် သည်လည်း မမြဲ၊ ဖောက်ပြန်ခြင်းသဘောရှိ၏၊ အရိပ်သည်လည်း မမြဲ၊ ဖောက်ပြန်ခြင်းသဘောရှိ၏။
နှမတို့ အကြင်သူသည် “တည်နေဆဲဖြစ်သော အနှစ်ရှိသော ထိုသစ်ပင်ကြီး၏ အမြစ်သည်လည်း မမြဲ၊ ဖောက်ပြန်ခြင်းသဘောရှိ၏၊ ပင်စည်သည်လည်း မမြဲ၊ ဖောက်ပြန်ခြင်းသဘောရှိ၏၊ အခက်အရွက် သည်လည်း မမြဲ၊ ဖောက်ပြန်ခြင်းသဘောရှိ၏။ ယင်းသစ်ပင်၏ အရိပ်သည်ကား မြဲ၏၊ ခိုင်ခံ့၏၊ အမြဲ့တည်၏၊ ဖောက်ပြန်ခြင်းသဘောမရှိ”ဟု ဆိုငြားအံ့၊ ထိုသူသည် အမှန်ပြောဆိုသည် မည်ရာအံ့လောဟု (မေး၏)။
အသျှင်ဘုရား အမှန်ပြောဆိုသည် မမည်ပါ။ အဘယ့်ကြောင့်နည်းဟူမူ— အသျှင်ဘုရား တည်နေ ဆဲဖြစ်သော အနှစ်ရှိသော ထိုသစ်ပင်ကြီး၏ အမြစ်သည်လည်း မမြဲ၊ ဖောက်ပြန်ခြင်းသဘောရှိ၏၊ ပင်စည် သည်လည်း မမြဲ၊ ဖောက်ပြန်ခြင်းသဘောရှိ၏၊ အခက်အရွက်သည်လည်း မမြဲ၊ ဖောက်ပြန်ခြင်း သဘော ရှိ၏။ ယင်းသစ်ပင်ကြီး၏ အရိပ်သည်ကား အဘယ်ဆိုဖွယ်ရာရှိအံ့နည်း၊ မမြဲသည်သာတည်း၊ ဖောက်ပြန် ခြင်းသဘော ရှိသည်သာတည်းဟု (လျှောက်ကြကုန်၏)။
နှမတို့ ဤဥပမာအတူသာလျှင် အကြင်သူသည် “ဤခြောက်ပါးကုန်သော ဗာဟိရာယတနတို့သည် မမြဲကုန်၊ ယင်းခြောက်ပါးကုန်သော ဗာဟိရာယတနတို့ကို စွဲ၍ သုခဝေဒနာကိုလည်းကောင်း၊ ဒုက္ခဝေဒနာ ကိုလည်းကောင်း၊ ဥပေက္ခာဝေဒနာကိုလည်းကောင်း ခံစား၏၊ ထိုဝေဒနာသည် မြဲ၏၊ ခိုင်ခံ့၏၊ အမြဲ တည်၏၊ ဖောက်ပြန်ခြင်းသဘော မရှိ”ဟု ဆိုငြားအံ့၊ ထိုသူသည် အမှန်ပြောဆိုသည် မည်ရာအံ့လောဟု (မေး၏)။
“Ví như, này các Hiền tỷ, có cây to lớn đứng thẳng, có lõi cây, với rễ vô thường, chịu sự biến hoại, với thân cây vô thường, chịu sự biến hoại, với cành lá vô thường, chịu sự biến hoại, với bóng cây vô thường, chịu sự biến hoại. Nếu có người nói như sau: “Có cây lớn đứng thẳng có lõi cây này, với rễ vô thường, chịu sự biến hoại, với thân cây vô thường, chịu sự biến hoại, với cành lá vô thường, chịu sự biến hoại, nhưng bóng mát của cây ấy là thường còn, thường trú, thường hằng, không chịu biến hoại”; này các Hiền tỷ, người ấy có nói một cách chân chánh không?
“Thưa không, thưa Tôn giả. Vì sao vậy? Thưa Tôn giả, cây to lớn đứng thẳng có lõi cây này, có rễ vô thường, chịu sự biến hoại, có thân cây vô thường; chịu sự biến hoại, có cành lá vô thường, chịu sự biến hoại. Còn nói gì đến bóng mát, cũng là vô thường, chịu sự biến hoại!
“Như vậy là phải, này chư Hiền tỷ! Nếu có ai nói như sau: “Sáu nội xứ này là vô thường, và do duyên sáu ngoại xứ này tôi cảm thọ, lạc thọ, khổ thọ hay bất khổ bất lạc thọ; cảm thọ ấy là thường còn, thường trú, thường hằng, không chịu sự biến hoại”; này các Hiền tỷ, người ấy có nói chân chánh không?
“Thưa không, thưa Tôn giả. Vì sao vậy? Thưa Tôn giả, do duyên cái này, cái này, cảm thọ như thế này, như thế này khởi lên. Do diệt các duyên như thế này, như thế này, các cảm thọ như thế này, như thế này cũng biến diệt.
“Lành thay, lành thay, chư Hiền tỷ! Chính phải là như vậy, là cái nhìn như chơn với chánh trí tuệ của vị Thánh đệ tử.”
「姊妹！猶如有堅實心、站立的大樹，樹根是無常的、變易法，樹幹也是無常的、變易法，樹枝樹葉也是無常的、變易法，影子也是無常的、變易法，姊妹們！如果有人這麼說：『那有堅實心、站立的大樹，樹根是無常的、變易法，樹幹也是無常的、變易法，樹枝樹葉也是無常的、變易法，但影子確實是常的、堅固的、常恒的、不變易法。』那樣說時，會是正確地說了嗎？」
「不，大德！那是什麼原因呢？大德！因為那有堅實心、站立的大樹，樹根是無常的、變易法，樹幹也是無常的、變易法，樹枝樹葉也是無常的、變易法，影子不用說也是無常的、變易法。」
「同樣的，姊妹們！如果有人這麼說：『這六外處是無常的，但緣六外處感受的或樂、或苦、或不苦不樂，那是常的、堅固的、常恒的、不變易法。』那樣說時，會是正確地說了嗎？」
「不，大德！那是什麼原因呢？大德！緣於各個對應的緣，然後生起各個受，各個對應緣的滅，各個受就被滅了。」
「姊妹們！好！好！姊妹們！聖弟子以正確之慧如實見確實是這樣。」
* “Muji Tree” is named in honour of Muji, a very special dog. This is actually a Dogwood flower
“When one’s house is ablaze
