“Bhikkhus, for direct knowledge of lust, four things are to be developed. What four? Here, a bhikkhu generates desire for the non-arising of unarisen bad unwholesome states; he makes an effort, arouses energy, applies his mind, and strives. He generates desire for the abandoning of arisen bad unwholesome states; he makes an effort, arouses energy, applies his mind, and strives. He generates desire for the arising of unarisen wholesome states; he makes an effort, arouses energy, applies his mind, and strives. He generates desire for the maintenance of arisen wholesome states, for their non-decline, increase, expansion, and fulfillment by development; he makes an effort, arouses energy, applies his mind, and strives. For direct knowledge of lust, these four things are to be developed.” – AN 4.275
“Rāgassa, bhikkhave, abhiññāya cattāro dhammā bhāvetabbā. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati; uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati; anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati; uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Rāgassa, bhikkhave, abhiññāya ime cattāro dhammā bhāvetabbā”ti.
ရဟန်းတို့ ရာဂကို ထူးသော ဉာဏ်ဖြင့် သိရန်တရားလေးမျိုးတို့ကို ပွါးများအပ်ကုန်၏။ အဘယ်လေးမျိုးတို့နည်းဟူမူ— ရဟန်းတို့ ဤသာသနာတော်၌ ရဟန်းသည် မဖြစ်ပေါ်သေးသော အကုသိုလ်တရားယုတ်တို့ကို မဖြစ်ပေါ်စေရန် ပြုလိုမှု ‘ဆန္ဒ’ကို ဖြစ်စေ၏၊ ကြိုးစား၏၊ လုံ့လထုတ်၏၊ စိတ်ကို တင်းထား၏၊ ဆောက်တည်ထား၏။ ဖြစ်ကုန်ပြီးသော အကုသိုလ်တရားယုတ်တို့ကို ပယ်ရန်။ပ။ မဖြစ်ပေါ်သေးသော ကုသိုလ်တရားတို့ကို ဖြစ်ပေါ်စေရန်။ပ။ ဖြစ်ကုန်ပြီးသော ကုသိုလ်တရားတို့ တည်တံ့စေရန် မပျောက်ပျက်စေရန် လွန်စွာ ဖြစ်စေရန် ပြန့်ပြောစေရန် ပွါးများရန် ပြည့်စုံစေရန် ပြုလိုမှု ‘ဆန္ဒ’ ကို ဖြစ်စေ၏၊ ကြိုးစား၏၊ လုံ့လထုတ်၏၊ စိတ်ကို တင်းထား၏၊ ဆောက်တည်ထား၏။ ရဟန်းတို့ ရာဂကို ထူးသော ဉာဏ်ဖြင့် သိရန် ဤတရားလေးမျိုးတို့ကို ပွါးများအပ်ကုန်၏ဟု (မိန့်တော်မူ၏)။
“Ðể thắng tri tham, này các Tỷ-kheo, bốn pháp cần phải tu tập. Thế nào là bốn? Ở đây, này các Tỷ-kheo, Tỷ-kheo đối với các pháp ác bất thiện chưa sanh, khởi lên ý muốn cố gắng; tinh tấn, sách tâm, trì tâm không cho sanh khởi; đối với các pháp ác bất thiện đã sanh, khởi lên ý muốn cố gắng; tinh tấn, sách tâm, trì tâm khiến chúng đoạn tận; đối với các pháp thiện chưa sanh, khởi lên ý muốn cố gắng; tinh tấn, sách tâm, trì tâm khiến cho sanh khởi; đối với các pháp thiện đã sanh, khởi lên ý muốn cố gắng; tinh tấn, sách tâm, trì tâm khiến chúng được duy trì, không có lu mờ, được tăng trưởng, được quảng đại, được tu tập, được thỏa mãn. Này các Tỷ-kheo, để thắng tri tham, bốn pháp này cần phải tu tập.”
「比丘們！為了貪的證智，四法應該被修習，哪四個呢？比丘們！這裡，比丘為了未生起的惡不善法之不生起而生欲，努力、生起活力，發心、勤奮；為了已生起的惡不善法之捨斷, 努力、生起活力，發心、勤奮；為了未生起的善法之生起, 努力、生起活力，發心、勤奮；為了已生起的善法之存續、不消失、增加、擴大、圓滿修習而生欲，努力、生起活力，發心、勤奮，比丘們！為了貪的證智，這四法應該被修習。」
Image: Chùa Long Hưng front gate
